Why is UP Bihar so backward?

UP was relatively prosperous in 1960s and 1970s. The real decline happened in UP from early 1990s with the rise of two regional parties SP and BSP. SP was an Islamist goon party while BSP was casteist party. SP used goons to loot people while BSP used politicians to loot people. BSP created a trend that all elections, from lower level village panchayat, municipality, assembly to Lok Sabha etc., tickets were given to highest money bidder. Basically, criminalisation of Indian politics where criminal don like Mukhtar Ansari, Atiq Ahmed, Raja Bhaiya (Raghuraj Pratap Singh) etc. called the shots.

The criminalisation of UP politics reached its peak during 2002-2007 Mulayam Singh Yadav era as 202 out of 403 assembly election winners were having criminal background. Seeing the benefits of using criminals who do the dirty work for the party, the participation by criminals increased significantly in 2007 election. Prior to elections, 74% more criminal politicians were given tickets by the mainstream parties (read SP and BSP). Thus Uttar Pradesh became ‘Ulta Pradesh’.

Due to strict measures adopted during elections, only 100 persons with criminal records won the elections in 2007 as opposed to 206 in the previous 2002 elections. Recently ex-CEC SY Qureshi admitted that a big UP leader complained that EC prevented bogus voting in 2007.

Who could be this big leader? The 2007 UP assembly election was won by BSP with 203 seats out of 403 seats. Clearly this big leader was the person who lost the 2007 election – Mulayam Singh Yadav.

I fail to understand why BJP government gave Padma Bibhushan award posthumously to Mulayam Singh Yadav who ruined UP’s economy by criminalising it

Now compare South Indian states who grew much faster during the three decades of 1990-2020. Karnataka saw the rise of Bangalore (now Bengaluru) with IT services boom that started in late 1980s when Texas Instruments started their office in Wind Tunnel Road. This was followed by relocation of Infosys from Pune to Bangalore. Rest everything is history. The city expanded so fast that today in 2025, traffic chaos is the main highlight of the civic problem. Bangalore became the Silicon Valley, IT capital, start-up and innovation capital etc. of India and boosted Karnataka’s economy.

Tamil Nadu became leader in higher education and industrial output over these three decades. Their DMC politicians look down UP and Bihar people as ‘toilet cleaners’! Hyderabad emerged as IT capital and biotech centre which competed with Bangalore under CM Chandrababu Naidu since 1990s. Kerala always had access to high paying Gulf countries job and remittances to boost its economy. Thus entire southern India progressed faster during 1990-2020.

However, there is some improvement in UP since 2020 as CM Yogi managed to strike a lethal blow to UP’s criminal and mafia dons. These days, Mulayam’s son and current SP leader Akhilesh Yadav is jumping around the fences and complaining about ‘vote chori’!

What an irony – Akhilesh Yadav protesting against vote chori!

Picture source: Google / Respective rightful owner

2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election - Wikipedia
2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election ← 2002 7 April 2007 ( 2007-04-07 ) – 8 May 2007 ( 2007-05-08 ) 2012 → All 403 seats of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly 202 seats needed for a majority Turnout 45.96% ( 7.84%) Majority party Minority party Leader Mayawati Mulayam Singh Yadav Party BSP SP Alliance - - Leader since 1995 1992 Leader's seat Did not contest Gunnaur [ 1 ] Last election 98 143 Seats won 206 97 Seat change 108 46 Popular vote 15,872,561 13,267,674 Percentage 30.43% 25.43% Swing 7.37% 0.06% Third party Fourth party Leader Rajnath Singh Sonia Gandhi Party BJP INC Alliance NDA UPA Leader since 2005 1998 Leader's seat Did not contest Did not contest Last election 88 25 Seats won 51 22 Seat change 37 3 Popular vote 8,851,199 4,489,234 Percentage 16.97% 8.61% Swing 3.11% 0.35% The 2007 Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election was held during April–May 2007. It was held to elect a government for the state of Uttar Pradesh in India . With 166 million people, U.P. is about the size of France , Germany , and the Benelux nations combined. There are 113 million voters, and 403 electoral seats, with an average of a quarter of a million voters in each constituency. The elections were conducted for 403 seats at 110,000 polling stations under very strict guidelines by the autonomous Election Commission of India . More than 46% of the electorate cast their votes. The election was held in seven phases: Phase 1 : 2007-04-07 Phase 2 : 2007-04-13 Phase 3 : 2007-04-18 Phase 4 : 2007-04-23 Phase 5 : 2007-04-28 Phase 6 : 2007-05-03 Phase 7 : 2007-05-08 A total of 129 parties fielded 2,487 candidates, while 2020 candidates stood as independents , for the total of 406 seats. Criminalisation in the U.P. 2007 elections [ edit ] The number of criminal-politicians participating in the elections have been growing, particularly because they have been successful in the past. In the U.P. Assembly elections, 2002, candidates with criminal records won 206 out of 403 seats in the assembly, i.e. more criminals were elected than regular politicians. [ 2 ] In 2007, the participation by criminals increased significantly. Prior to elections, 74% more criminal politicians were given tickets by the mainstream parties (Source: UP Election Watch, independent NGO headed by ex-DIG Ishwar P. Dwivedi [ 3 ] ): Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP): 36.27% Samajwadi Party (SP): 27.01% Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP): 23.05% Indian National Congress (INC) : 21.60% The Election Commission of India , the autonomous body charged with conducting elections, was facing intense media pressure to check criminalization related irregularities in the electoral process. Extremely strict measures were enforced, bringing in 639 companies of paramilitary forces to prevent musclepower effects. Any deviations from prescribed norms led to candidates being debarred. To help manage the situation, elections were held in seven stages. At least six candidates campaigned from jails, broadcasting liv
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly_election

https://eacpm.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/State-GDP-Working-Paper_Final.pdf 

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